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Fig. 17

image

Nonlinear least squares fit of the M-Earths using the mean M-Earth atmosphere with different CO2 mixing ratios (LW TIR, SN = 25). Top: solid red line shows the temperature retrieved with the correct, altitude-dependent CO2 profile in the forward model. Bottom: residual norm as a function of the CO2 VMR (the value at 355 ppm corresponds to the fit with the correct CO2).

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