TIR temperature retrievals for the first 18 Garand atmospheres with SVD of the Garand “temperature matrix” (S∕N = 100 and Gaussian SRF). Five base vectors, initial guess damped mean temperature (Eq. (10)). Top: LW 660– 730 cm⁻¹ (15 μm) with HWHM Γ = 0.25 cm⁻¹ (resolution R ≈ 2800); bottom: SW 2350–2420 cm⁻¹ (4.3 μm) with Γ = 1.0 cm⁻¹ (R ≈ 2400). Line colors and styles and title as in Fig. 8.