Pressure perturbations (colorscale) and winds (arrows) as a function of longitude and latitude for four Rossby waves for an axisymmetric hot Jupiter atmosphere at rest. Units are arbitrary. The values of the drag and radiative timescales are described in Sect. 4.2. Left column: results from ECLIPS3D 3D spherical coordinate calculations and right column: for the analytical results to the equation developed in Appendix A. For the top row, the drag is dominant, and the bottom row radiation is dominant. We note that as the initial state is at rest and axisymmetric, there is an uncontrolled phase in longitude, meaning the longitudinal location is abitrary.