Left panel: simulated excess noise with respect to inclination. The red dash lines indicate the error interval around the total excess noise ϵ_tot, as explained in the text and Appendix A.3 (solid red line). Right panels: astrometric simulation for the median inclination (I_c = 4.87°) that is compatible with the Gaia data. The black dotted lines show the along-scan angle at each FoV transit; the red plus is the focus of the orbit, and the green plus is the centroid of measurements. The residuals in the bottom panel are calculated relative to the centroid.