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Table 2.
Average pitch angles (in degrees) as a function of Hubble stage.
| Sample | T ∈ [0, 2) | T ∈ [2, 4) | T ∈ [4, 6) | T ∈ [6, 8) | T ∈ [8, 10] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |ϕ|mean | All | 15.9 ± 1.3 (19) | 17.8 ± 0.7 (80) | 19.7 ± 0.4 (159) | 21.2 ± 0.8 (97) | 21.3 ± 1.5 (36) |
| Barred | 16.7 ± 1.6 (14) | 17.2 ± 0.8 (55) | 19.7 ± 0.6 (77) | 21.4 ± 0.8 (90) | 21.4 ± 1.6 (33) | |
| Non-barred | 13.7 ± 2.2 (5) | 19.1 ± 1.2 (25) | 19.8 ± 0.7 (82) | 19.0 ± 3.0 (7) | 19.7 ± 0.7 (3) | |
| Grand-design | 13.6 ± 1.6 (12) | 15.3 ± 1.0 (27) | 18.1 ± 1.5 (26) | 19.7 ± 2.5 (10) | – | |
| Multi-armed | 19.8 ± 1.5 (6) | 18.5 ± 0.7 (41) | 20.8 ± 0.5 (85) | 25.3 ± 1.3 (23) | 28.4 ± 0.3 (2) | |
| Flocculent | – | 20.8 ± 2.5 (12) | 18.7 ± 0.8 (48) | 19.9 ± 1.0 (64) | 20.8 ± 1.6 (33) | |
| |ϕ|inner | All | 21.3 ± 2.3 (19) | 19.7 ± 1.0 (80) | 21.5 ± 0.7 (159) | 23.5 ± 1.0 (97) | 23.2 ± 1.7 (36) |
| Barred | 22.5 ± 3.0 (14) | 18.6 ± 1.3 (55) | 21.7 ± 1.1 (77) | 23.9 ± 1.1 (90) | 23.0 ± 1.8 (33) | |
| Non-barred | 17.7 ± 3.2 (5) | 22.0 ± 1.6 (25) | 21.3 ± 1.0 (82) | 19.2 ± 2.3 (7) | 24.6 ± 3.3 (3) | |
| Grand-design | 18.3 ± 3.3 (12) | 16.0 ± 1.7 (27) | 20.8 ± 1.9 (26) | 21.9 ± 3.7 (10) | – | |
| Multi-armed | 26.8 ± 2.5 (6) | 21.1 ± 1.4 (41) | 22.2 ± 1.0 (85) | 27.1 ± 1.8 (23) | 38.2 ± 1.8 (2) | |
| Flocculent | – | 23.0 ± 3.0 (12) | 20.7 ± 1.2 (48) | 22.5 ± 1.2 (64) | 22.4 ± 1.7 (33) | |
| |ϕ|weighted | All | 19.2 ± 1.5 (19) | 21.0 ± 0.8 (80) | 22.3 ± 0.5 (159) | 23.3 ± 0.8 (97) | 24.1 ± 1.5 (36) |
| Barred | 20.5 ± 1.9 (14) | 20.6 ± 1.0 (55) | 22.3 ± 0.7 (77) | 23.4 ± 0.9 (90) | 24.2 ± 1.7 (33) | |
| Non-barred | 15.8 ± 2.2 (5) | 22.0 ± 1.3 (25) | 22.3 ± 0.7 (82) | 21.0 ± 2.9 (7) | 22.8 ± 1.5 (3) | |
| Grand-design | 17.4 ± 2.2 (12) | 18.5 ± 1.3 (27) | 19.9 ± 1.6 (26) | 23.2 ± 3.1 (10) | – | |
| Multi-armed | 22.7 ± 1.6 (6) | 22.6 ± 1.0 (41) | 23.9 ± 0.5 (85) | 27.2 ± 1.4 (23) | 35.9 ± 2.8 (2) | |
| Flocculent | – | 21.3 ± 2.3 (12) | 20.8 ± 1.0 (48) | 21.8 ± 1.0 (64) | 23.2 ± 1.6 (33) | |
Notes. It is presented the mean, the standard deviation of the mean, and the number of galaxies within the different T-type bins. We study separately barred and non-barred galaxies, and also grand-design, multi-armed, and flocculent spirals.
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