Estimate of the water production of 67P using the thermal model. The results here are for 1:04:26 UTC on 2015 June 4, when NAVCAM on Rosetta took an image of the nucleus (panel a). The energy input of insolation over the nucleus was estimated using a 1000-facet shape model with an orientation and emphemeris of the nucleus provided by the SPICE kernels for the Rosetta mission (panel b). The temperature pattern at the ice front, or the bottom of the dry dust mantle, at the depth of 6 mm differs from that of insolation on the surface (panel c) because of the insulation effect of the mantle. The sublimation or outgassing flux is controlled by the temperature at 6 mm (panel d). Image credit (panel a): ESA/Rosetta/NAVCAM, CC BY-SA IGO 3.0.