Table 2

Modeling parameters and figures in which they have been used.

Case study 1P/Halley (Giotto flyby) 67P/C-G (low activity) 67P/C-G (high activity, perihelion) General case (this work)
Cometary radius (km) ~ 5.5 (d) ~ 2 (d) ~2 (d) 2
Heliocentric distance (au) 0.89 3.2 (b) 1.24
Local photoionization frequency (s−1) 8.6 × 10−7 6.8 × 10−8 4.5 × 10−7
Local outgassing rate (s−1) 6.9 × 1029 (a) 6 × 1025 (b) 6 × 1028 (c) 1025–1030
Neutral velocity (m⋅s−1) 900 (a) 600 (a),(c) 900 (c) 600
Electron temperature (K) [150-1000] 150 150 150
Photoabsorption cross section (m2) 7.82 × 10−22

Cases shown in figures 1, 11, 12 1, 11, 12 1, 11, 12 25, 8

Notes. Three cases have been considered: 1P during the Giotto flyby, 67P at perihelion, and 67P at the beginning of the escort phase. The photoionization frequency is that of water for averaged conditions during the Rosetta escort phase (7 × 10−7 s−1 at 1 au, Heritier et al. 2018) and has been corrected for the heliocentric distance.

References. (a) Krankowsky et al. (1986); (b)Galand et al. (2016); (c)Hansen et al. (2016); (d)Lamy et al. (2004).

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