Fig. 10

image

Ion number density as a function of the cometocentric distance normalized to rc for three different outgassing rates: 1026 s−1 (diamond), 1028 s−1 (star), and 1030 s−1 (upward-pointing triangle) for a solar zenith angle χ = π∕2. The colors correspond to different assumptions: PA and DR (yellow), PA and no DR (red), no PA and DR (blue), no PA and no DR (gray). For the e -ion dissociative recombination, we assumed Te = 150 K. For the photoionization frequency, ν0 = 4.5 × 10−7 s−1 corresponds to the water photoionization frequency at 67P around perihelion to independently assess the effect of the outgassing rate (1.24 au). The expanding velocity is set to Un = 600 m⋅s−1.

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