Comparison between the observed and the simulated luminosity functions. Left panel: luminosity function of Cen A within 200 kpc (red line) compared to the Illustris TNG100-1 simulation. The gray lines correspond to individual simulated Cen A analogs, the green line to the median, and the green shaded areas to the 90% and 50% intervals. Right panel: same as the left panel, but now the simulated systems are binned based on their host halo mass M₂₀₀, with solid lines indicating their mean relation and dashed lines their 90% intervals.