Fig. 9

Evolution of the spin and orbital properties of a Sun-like star (initial rotation period 1.4 d, metallicity Z = 0.0134) as per Amard et al. (2016) and Bolmont & Mathis (2016) and orbital evolution of a hot-Jupiter population. (a) Frequency-averaged tidal dissipation factor. (b) Rotation period of the star during the first 10 Myr of stellar evolution. (c) Tidally driven orbital evolution of a single planet on a grid of 100 equally spaced initial orbits. Orbital decay is calculated via Eq. (7) (assuming e = 0) according to the dynamical tide model with stellar evolution as per a and b. (d) Stellar dissipation factor. (e) Stellar rotation period over the first 1 Gyr of stellar evolution. (f) Comparison of the planetary orbital evolution in the dynamical tide model (blue lines) and in the equilibrium tide model (orange lines, Q⋆ = 105).
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