Normalized histograms of 911 orbital integrations of a Jupiter-mass planet around a Sun-like star as per Fig. 9f. (a) Assumes the equilibrium tide model and a fixed Q_⋆ = 10⁵. (b) Based on the dynamical tide model with stellar evolution of a sun-like star (metallicity Z = 0.0134). In a and b, each histogram is normalized to a maximum of 1 and different shadings refer to different integration times of our numerical code; see legend in b. (c) Different histogram shadings refer to simulated hot-Jupiter populations around stars in the dynamical tide model and stellar evolution with sub-solar (Z = 0.004), solar (Z = 0.0134), and super-solar (Z = 0.0255) metallicities after 1000 Myr. These histograms are scaled to agree at 0.1 AU, beyond which tides become insignificant.