Top panel: evolutionary trajectory of a Type-P particle associated with Set 1 of N-body simulations in the (Ω₂, i₂) plane (black curve). The initial orbital parameters of this particle are a₂ = 20.306 au, e₂ = 0.556, i₂ = 66.612°, ω₂ = 148.109°, and Ω₂ = 328.286°. The values of a₁ and e₁ associated with the inner Jupiter-mass planet, and the red and blue curves are defined in the caption of Fig. 2. The yellow and green circles illustrate the pairs (Ω₂, i₂) of the particle’s trajectory associated with the vanishing of and (d ω₂∕dτ), respectively. Middle panel: evolution in time of the argument of pericenter ω₂ of such a particle. Bottom panel: zoom of the middle panel between 200 and 300 Myr. The yellow and green circles represent the values of ω₂ of the particle’s trajectory associated with the vanishing of and (d ω₂∕dτ), respectively.