Open Access
Table 1
Observed hydrocarbons toward M8.
| Species | Transition | Frequency (GHz) | Eup∕k (K) | Instrument | Beam (′′) | Critical density (a) (cm−3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C2H | N = 1 → 0, J = 3∕2 → 1/2, F = 1 → 1 | 87.2841 | 4.2 | IRAM 30m/EMIR | 30 | 2.5 × 105 |
| N = 1 → 0, J = 3∕2 → 1∕2, F = 2 → 1 | 87.3168 | 4.2 | IRAM 30m/EMIR | 30 | 3.2 × 105 | |
| N = 1 → 0, J = 3∕2 → 1∕2, F = 1 → 0 | 87.3285 | 4.2 | IRAM 30m/EMIR | 30 | 9.5 × 104 | |
| N = 1 → 0, J = 1∕2 → 1∕2, F = 1 → 1 | 87.4019 | 4.2 | IRAM 30m/EMIR | 30 | 1.1 × 106 | |
| N = 1 → 0, J = 1∕2 → 1∕2, F = 0 → 1 | 87.4071 | 4.2 | IRAM 30m/EMIR | 30 | 1.8 × 105 | |
| N = 1 → 0, J = 1∕2 → 1∕2, F = 1 → 0 | 87.4464 | 4.2 | IRAM 30m/EMIR | 30 | 2.2 × 105 | |
| N = 3 → 2, J = 7∕2 → 5∕2, F = 3 → 3 | 261.9781 | 25.1 | APEX/PI230 | 26 | 3.2 × 104 | |
| N = 3 → 2, J = 7∕2 → 5∕2, F = 4 → 3 | 262.0042 | 25.1 | APEX/PI230 | 26 | 8.7 × 105 | |
| N = 3 → 2, J = 7∕2 → 5∕2, F = 3 → 2 | 262.0064 | 25.1 | APEX/PI230 | 26 | 8.5 × 105 | |
| N = 3 → 2, J = 5∕2 → 3/2, F = 3 → 2 | 262.0649 | 25.1 | APEX/PI230 | 26 | 8.9 × 105 | |
| N = 3 → 2, J = 5∕2 → 3/2, F = 2 → 1 | 262.0674 | 25.1 | APEX/PI230 | 26 | 8.2 × 105 | |
| N = 3 → 2, J = 5∕2 → 3/2, F = 2 → 2 | 262.0789 | 25.1 | APEX/PI230 | 26 | 1.2 × 105 | |
| N = 3 → 2, J = 5∕2 → 5/2, F = 3 → 3 | 262.2086 | 25.1 | APEX/PI230 | 26 | 8.4 × 104 | |
| N = 3 → 2, J = 5∕2 → 5/2, F = 2 → 2 | 262.2509 | 25.1 | APEX/PI230 | 26 | 4.9 × 104 | |
| N = 5 → 4, J = 11∕2 → 9/2, F = 6 → 5 | 436.661 | 62.9 | APEX/FLASH+ 460 | 13 | 2.9 × 106 | |
| N = 5 → 4, J = 11∕2 → 9/2, F = 5 → 4 | 436.6618 | 62.9 | APEX/FLASH+ 460 | 13 | 2.9 × 106 | |
| N = 5 → 4, J = 9∕2 → 7/2, F = 5 → 4 | 436.723 | 62.9 | APEX/FLASH+ 460 | 13 | 3.3 × 106 | |
| N = 5 → 4, J = 9∕2 → 7/2, F = 4 → 3 | 436.724 | 62.9 | APEX/FLASH+ 460 | 13 | 3.2 × 106 | |
| c-C3H2 ortho |  |
85.3388 | 6.4 | IRAM 30m/EMIR | 30 | 1.1 × 106 |
 |
285.7956 | 54.7 | APEX/FLASH+ 345 | 19 | 8.4 × 106 | |
 |
284.998 | 61.2 | APEX/FLASH+ 345 | 19 | 8.9 × 106 | |
 |
284.8052 | 64.3 | APEX/FLASH+ 345 | 19 | 1.0 × 107 | |
| c-C3H2 para |  → 11,1 |
82.0935 | 6.4 | IRAM 30m/EMIR | 30 | 9.9 × 105 |
 → 61,5 |
284.9993 | 61.2 | APEX/FLASH+ 345 | 19 | 1.0 × 107 | |
 → 71,7 |
284.8052 | 64.3 | APEX/FLASH+ 345 | 19 | 1.0 × 107 | |
Notes. (a) Critical densities are calculated using collision rates available at Tkin = 100 K for C2 H and at Tkin = 120 K for c-C3 H2 from Spielfiedel et al. (2012) and Chandra & Kegel (2000) respectively.
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