Table 1
Characteristics of the individual spacecraft measurements.
| Mission/interval | Start time | End time | Range | Impact speed vd | Qimp ∕md (d) | Detection threshold (a) | N (e) | Average flux (e) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Charge | Mass | Radius | ||||||||
| (year-doy) | (year-doy) | (AU) | (km s−1) | (C kg−1) | Qimp (C) | md (kg) | rd (μm) | (m−2 s−1) | ||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) |
| Helios | ||||||||||
| HEL (b) | 1974-353 | 1980-002 | 0.3 – 1.0 | 60 | 2.6 × 103 | 2 × 10−12 | 7 × 10−16 | 0.37 | 27 | (2.6 ± 0.3) × 10−6 |
| Galileo | ||||||||||
| GLL1 | 1990-001 | 1990-190 | 0.7 – 1.2 | 50 | 5.0 × 104 | 2 × 10−12 | 4 × 10−17 | 0.14 | 21 | (7.0 ± 1.5) × 10−5 |
| GLL2 | 1991-056 | 1991-123 | 1.0 – 1.4 | 50 | 5.0 × 104 | 2 × 10−12 | 4 × 10−17 | 0.14 | 13 | (9.5 ± 1.5) × 10−5 |
| GLL3 | 1991-228 | 1991-340 | 1.9 – 2.2 | 30 | 6.5 × 103 | 1 × 10−13 | 2 × 10−17 | 0.11 | 19 | |
| GLL4 | 1993-005 | 1993-181 | 1.2 – 2.5 | 50 | 5.0 × 104 | 2 × 10−12 | 4 × 10−17 | 0.14 | 22 | (3.5 ± 0.8) × 10−5 |
| GLL5 | 1993-182 | 1993-365 | 2.5 – 3.5 | 35 | 1.1 × 104 | 1 × 10−13 | 9 × 10−18 | 0.09 | 41 | (8.0 ± 1.0) × 10−5 |
| Cassini | ||||||||||
| CAS1 | 1999-081 | 1999-181 | 0.7 – 1.2 | 45 | 6.0 × 104 | 3 × 10−12 | 5 × 10−17 | 0.15 | 14 | (2.5 ± 0.5) × 10−5 |
| CAS2 (c) | 2004-183 | 2013-364 | 9.1 – 9.9 | 30 | 8.0 × 103 | 1 × 10−15 | 5 × 10−18 | 0.07 | 36 | (1.5 ± 0.5) × 10−4 |
| Ulysses | ||||||||||
| ULS1 | 1992-245 | 1994-131 | 3.0 – 5.0 | 30 | 6.5 × 103 | 1 × 10−13 | 2 × 10−17 | 0.11 | 116 | (7.7 ± 2.0) × 10−5 |
| ULS2 | 1995-166 | 1996-131 | 1.9 – 3.7 | 30 | 6.5 × 103 | 1 × 10−13 | 2 × 10−17 | 0.11 | 39 | (5.3 ± 1.7) × 10−5 |
| ULS3 | 1996-131 | 2000-131 | 3.7 – 5.4 | 30 | 6.5 × 103 | 1 × 10−13 | 2 × 10−17 | 0.11 | 94 | (2.9 ± 1.1) × 10−5 |
| ULS4 | 2002-131 | 2002-363 | 3.5 – 4.4 | 25 | 4.0 × 103 | 1 × 10−13 | 3 × 10−17 | 0.13 | 37 | (1.1 ± 0.3) × 10−4 |
| ULS5 | 2005-245 | 2006-245 | 3.2 – 4.9 | 30 | 6.5 × 103 | 1 × 10−13 | 2 × 10−17 | 0.11 | 79 | (1.1 ± 0.2) × 10−4 |
Notes. Spacecraft (Col. 1), measurement periods (Cols. 2 and 3), heliocentric distance range (Col. 4), average interstellar dust impact speed derived from the model (Col. 5), charge-to-mass ratio from instrument calibration (Col. 6), detection thresholds (Cols. 7 to 9), number of identified interstellar particles (Col. 10), and average interstellar dust fluxes (Col. 11).
(a) Detection threshold based on the identification scheme for interstellar particles. Throughout this paper we calculate particle radii from the measured masses by assuming a spherical particle shape and a density typical of astronomical silicates ρd = 3300 kg m−3 (Kimura & Mann 1999). The particle radius is given by
(2)
where md is the dust particle mass derived from the instrument calibration. (b)For Helios we considered only impacts when the true anomaly angle of the spacecraft was in the range − 180° < ν < 90° consistent with Altobelli et al. (2006). (c)Cassini CDA was not pointing towards the direction of interstellar dust continuously during this time interval (Altobelli et al. 2016).
References. (d)Grün (1981); Grün et al. (1995); Stübig (2002). (e)Altobelli et al. (2003, 2005a, 2006), Strub et al. (2015).
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