Open Access

Fig. 4

image

Water ice fraction of the planets for a model where the water ice line evolves in time as indicated in Fig. 1 and the planets are not migrating. The black and white lines correspond to the temperature at the given time t0. As the growth of the planets takes several Myr, the ice line sweeps over the planet’s location also if the planet is initially at . Only planets forming exterior to T = 150 K can contain water ice. These planets can contain up to about ~35% of water ice, which is the maximum allowed in our chemical model. In the outer part at T < 70 K, the water ice fraction decreases again, because our chemical model allows for more CO production which binds oxygen efficiently resulting in a smaller water ice fraction.

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