Comparison of the observable quantity Q3a between the ON-beam (Jupiter) and OFF-beam 2 (panel a) and the 2 OFF-beams (panel b) in Stokes-V (|V′ |) for a scaling value α = 10⁻⁴ and threshold τ = 2.5σ. See Sect. 4.3 for a detailed description of Q3a. For all plots the black lines and the red lines correspond to two different beams. The dashed line is the mean of the derived Q values from 10 000 different Gaussian distributions with the same length as the time interval (TI). Jupiter’s emission is mainly localized between 1.2–1.4 UT and 3.2–3.9 UT, whereas the bright emission at 1.7 UT can be seen in both OFF beams.