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Table A.2

K2-18 model parameters from the HARPS+CARMENES joint RV analysis.

Parameter Point estimate
Stellar Parameters

2MASS Photometry J = 9.763 ± 0.028, H = 9.135 ± 0.026, Ks = 8.899 ± 0.019
Stellar mass, Ms [M] 0.495 ± 0.004
Stellar radius, Rs [R] 0.469 ± 0.010
Effective temperature, Teff [K] 3503 ± 60
Stellar parallax, p [mas] 26.299 ± 0.055
Distance, d [pc] 38.025 ± 0.079
HARPS systemic velocity, γ0,HARPS [m s−1] 652.51 ± 1.0
CARMENES systemic velocity, γ0,CARMENES [m s−1] − 2.87 ± 0.9

GP hyperparameters

HARPS covariance amplitude, aHARPS [m s−1]
CARMENES covariance amplitude, aCARMENES [m s−1]
Exponential timescale, λ [days] 448.8 ± 67.3
Coherence, Γ
Periodic timescale, PGP [days]
HARPS additive jitter, sHARPS [m s−1] 0.48 ± 0.42
CARMENES additive jitter, sCARMENES [m s−1] 0.58 ± 0.53

K2-18c

Period, Pc [days] 8.997 ± 0.007
Time of inferior conjunction, T0,c [BJD-2 450 000] 7263.69 ± 0.44
Radial velocity semi-amplitude, Kc [m s−1] 2.76 ± 0.41
Semi-major axis, ac [AU] 0.0670 ± 0.0002
Minimum planet mass, mp,c sinic [M] 5.62 ± 0.84
Equilibrium temperature, Teq,c [K]
Bond albedo of 0.3 409 ± 8

K2-18b

Period, Pb [days] 32.93962 ± 1.0 × 10−4
Time of inferior conjunction, T0,b [BJD-2 450 000] 7264.39142 ± 6.4 × 10−4
Radial velocity semi-amplitude, Kb [m s−1] 2.75 ± 0.43
Semi-major axis, ab [AU] 0.1591 ± 0.0004
Planet radius, rp,b [R]a 2.711 ± 0.065
Planet mass, mp,b [M]b 8.63 ± 1.35
Planet density, ρp,b [g cm-3] 2.4 ± 0.4
Surface gravity, g [m s-2] 11.5 ± 1.9
Escape velocity, vesc,b [km s-1] 19.9 ± 1.6
Equilibrium temperature, Teq,b [K]
Bond albedo of 0.3 265 ± 5

Notes. (a) Based on the measured rp,bRs of K2-18b from Benneke et al. (2017); rp,bRs = 0.05295 ± 0.00060. (b) Assuming the measured orbital inclination of K2-18b from Benneke et al. (2017); degrees.

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