Panel a: tilt angle of emerging flux loops vs. their emergence latitude for (black diamonds), (blue asterisks), (green squares), and (red crosses). Panel b: latitudinal deflections (poleward is positive) as a function of the initial latitude at the base of the convection zone. The initial λ₀ and B₀ are as inFig. 2. Emergence latitudes for which no active-region-sized BMR emerges for are shown by small grey diamonds (see text).