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Fig. 11

image

Initial velocity components of all meta-particles after being ejected from a planet of mass 0.02 M in a continuous and spherically symmetric distribution with a velocity of 0.40 times the surface escape velocity (or 1.21 km s−1) (top panels) and only the particles that do not collide with the planet and ultimately form a tail (bottom panels). The components are in the orbital direction, X (left panels), in the stellar direction, Y (middle panels), and normal to the orbital plane, Z (right panels).

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