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Table 1.
Parameters relevant for the study.
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| r | cometocentric distance [m] |
| rc | nucleus radius [m] |
| u | expansion velocity [m s−1] |
| Indices i and j | ion species: 0 = H+, 1 = O+, 2 = OH+, 3 = H2O+, 4 = H3O+ |
| ki,j | rate coefficient for i + H2O → j + neutral [m3 s−1] |
| ki | rate coefficient for i + H2O → loss of i [m3 s−1] |
| f | ionization frequency of H2O [s−1] |
| fi | partial ionization frequency (H2O → i) [s−1] |
| Q | gas production rate [s−1] |
| ηi | defined as kiQ/(4πu2) [m] |
| nN | H2O number density (see Eq. (1)) [m−3] |
| ne | electron number density (see Eqs. (1) and (2)) [m−3] |
| ni | number density of i [m−3] |
| Pi | production rate of species i [m−3 s−1] |
| Li | chemical loss rate of species i [s−1] |
| Ki(r) | probability that an H2O molecule is converted into ion species i during its journey from rc and that the ion i reaches r |
Notes. Units, if applicable, are given within square brackets.
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