Open Access
Table 4
Average impact characteristics for 90 simulations with five different angles of approach, two material types, and three orientations at impact for each of the three depths considered inour simulations.
| Depth | Traveled | Time |  |
 |
 |
Collision | Maximum | Incoming angle | Speed before |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| distance | between | duration | penetration | before | second impact | ||||
| impacts | depth | second impact | |||||||
| 15 cm | 12.2 m | 252 s | 27% | 4.6% | 111% | 5.5 s | 4.5 cm | 53° | 5.0 cm s−1 |
| 30 cm | 6.2 m | 136 s | 18% | 3.6% | 135% | 9.1 s | 8.5 cm | 68° | 3.2 cm s−1 |
| 40 cm | 5.4 m | 122 s | 16% | 2.9% | 149% | 10.0 s | 9.2 cm | 69° | 2.7 cm s−1 |
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.