Excavated volume vs. distance traveled by the lander between the first bounce and the second impact at the endof the simulation as functions of the impact angle and the bed depth. Only the Back-Corner-First MASCOT impact orientation is shown, with a moderate-friction regolith. The shade of gray depends on the impact angle and the symbol shape on the bed depth, as shown in the legend. MASCOT volume is about 1.56 × 10⁴ cm³.