Hydrodynamic escape rates L_hy as a function of planetary mass (top) and restricted Jeans escape parameter Λ (bottom). Asterisks and circles mark models for which L_hy is higher and lower, respectively, than that estimated from the energy-limited formulation (see Sect. 4.1, for details). The dashed line in the bottom panel denotes Eq. (22). The vertical dotted line indicates the minimum Λ value for which Eq. (22) is valid.