Deep convolutional neural networks as strong gravitational lens detectors

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Table 1

Training results: rach architecture was run five separate times.

Space	Training	Validation
baseline	0.9920 ± 0.0020	0.9764 ± 0.0017
views	0.9898 ± 0.0030	0.9753 ± 0.0021
residual	0.9958 ± 0.0028	0.9765 ± 0.0024
invariant	0.9997 ± 0.0003	0.9719 ± 0.0016

Ground	Training	Validation

baseline	0.9953 ± 0.0090	0.9905 ± 0.0082
views	0.9980 ± 0.0010	0.9924 ± 0.0006
residual	0.9990 ± 0.0023	0.9932 ± 0.0027
invariant	0.9999 ± 3 × 10⁻⁶	0.9880 ± 0.0030

Notes. The training and validation AUC scores are the mean of these runs. The error is the standard deviation.

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