X-ray ionization rate ζ_X vs. vertical column density N_{⟨ H ⟩ ,ver} at disk radii of 1 au (left panel) and 100 au (right panel), respectively. The dashed lines show models with X-ray gas opacities only, where the purple line is for pure absorption and the orange line for absorption plus scattering. The solid lines are for models including X-ray dust opacities (absorption+scattering), where results for the small grains (SG, blue), medium grains (MG, red) and large grains (LG, black) dust models are shown. The vertical grey line in both plots indicates the scattering surface at N_{⟨ H ⟩ ,rad} = 2 × 10²⁴ cm^-2 (see also Fig. 6); at the right hand side of this line ζ_X is dominated by scattered high-energy photons. The horizontal lines mark the cosmic-ray ionization rates for the ISM (ζ_CR ≈ 10^-17), and low cosmic-ray case (ζ_CR ≈ 10^-19 s^-1).