Panel a: Radial α effect together with radial shear and at r = 0.9 R between 25° and 40° latitude. Black solid: .  Red: . Purple: . Blue: . Black dashed: . Black dotted: . Panels b and c: Latitudinal propagation direction of the mean field as predicted by the Parker-Yoshimura rule (12), using α_φφ (b) and (c, see Sect. 4.9), together with as black contours for 3 (solid) and 3.5 kG (broken). The color scale is truncated between −1 and 1 to emphasize the sign of . The dashed white lines indicate r = 0.9 R.