Evolution in time of the inclination i (red line) and the ascending node longitude Ω (blue line) of three different test particles (left side) of the same simulation. On the right side, the coupling of inclination i and the ascending node longitude Ω for the same particles. The semimajor axis and eccentricity of the surviving giant planet are a = 0.95 au and e = 0.73. Top panels: the particle’s orbit flips while the Ω librates around 90° (black line). The orbital parameters immediately after the instability event (hereafter, post IE parameters) for this particle are a₁ = 16.9 au, e₁ = 0.2, i₁ = 31.4°, ω₁ = 131.7°, and Ω₁ = 79°. Middle panels: the particle’s orbit flips while the Ω librates around 270° (black line). The post IE orbital parameters for this particle are a₂ = 16.61 au, e₂ = 0.54, i₂ = 93.2°, ω₂ = 2°, and Ω₂ = 232.5°. Bottom panels: the orbit flips while the libration center of Ω changes from 270° to 90° along its evolution (black lines). The post IE orbital parameters for this particle are a₃ = 23.34 au, e₃ = 0.77, i₃ = 102.4°, ω₃ = 53.19°, and Ω₃ = 178.8°.