Time evolution of the planet’s semi-major axis (left y-axis ) and planet’s core mass (right y-axis) being initially located at 17.5 au for a disk of 0.1 M_⊙ (top panel) and a disk of 0.05 M_⊙ (bottom panel). Red dashed line represents the location of the pressure maximum, and black dashed line represents the zero torque location. The left panel represents the case where the planet is trapped at the zero torque location (blue lines) and the case where a dead zone is not present in the disk (pink lines), while the right panel represents the case where the semi-major axis of the planet randomly oscillates around the zero torque location after becoming trapped. Simulations correspond to a flat disk with α_back = 10^-3, α_dz = 10^-5, R_{in - dz} = 2.7 au and R_{out - dz} = 20 au for the disk with the dead zone and α = 10^-3 for the disk without the dead zone, and using planetesimals of 100 m radius. Simulations end when the planet achieves critical mass.