Model fits for the case of 1ES 0229+200. Top-left – absorption-only model, all notions are the same as in Fig. 11, top-left. Top-right – comparison of the absorption-only and γ-ALP mixing models: black line denotes absorption-only model, green – weak γ-ALP flux enhancement, blue – strong γ-ALP flux enhancement. Middle panels – electromagnetic cascade model for the case of the VERITAS (left) and H.E.S.S. (right, red triangles) observations together with cascade spectra for monoenergetic primary γ-ray injection (short-dashed lines): red – E_γ0 = 10 TeV, blue – E_γ0 = 100 TeV, magenta – E_γ0 = 1 PeV. Bottom-left – basic hadronic cascade model (z_c are the same as in Fig. 12 middle-right); bottom-right – modified CR beam model.