Fig. 3

Energy evolution in the system for the seven parametric simulations: total magnetic energy (Emag, top left panel), injected magnetic energy (Einj ≡ Emag−Emag(t = 0)), top right), potential magnetic energy (Epot, middle left), potential energy variation (Epot−Epot(t = 0)), middle right), ratio of the artefact non-solenoidal energy to the total energy (| Ens | /Emag, bottom left), and free magnetic energy (Efree, bottom right). The labels are similar to Fig. 2.
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