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Table 2

Variations of the physical assumptions and initial conditions considered and their impact on the fraction of late events, flate, with respect to the total number of core-collapse supernovae.

Model Description flate t50%,late t90%,late
(Myr) (Myr)
00 Standard Simulations 15.5% 71.9 150.5
Physical assumptions
01 mass transfer efficiency β = 0 8.8% 72.7 143.5
02   ′′′′ β = 0.2 10.5% 61.1 140.9
03   ′′′′ β = 1 21.7% 79.1 146.1
04 angular momentum loss γ = 0 15.3% 70.6 146.1
05   ′′′′ γ = γdisk 17.1% 71.4 130.3
06 mass loss during merger of two MS stars μloss = 0 14.9% 78.2 162.8
07   ′′′′ μloss = 0.25 14.9% 70.6 142.6
08 mixing during merger of two MS stars μmix = 0 15.4% 72.3 148.7
09   ′′′′ μmix = 1 15.8% 73.2 148.7
10 natal kick compact remnant σ = σ0 16.3% 75.4 152.3
11   ′′′′ σ = ∞ 15.6% 72.3 147.8
12 common envelope efficiency αCE = 0.1 19.4% 77.7 147.8
13   ′′′′ αCE = 0.2 20.4% 81.5 158.9
14   ′′′′ αCE = 0.5 16.5% 81.0 162.8
15   ′′′′ αCE = 2.0 13.1% 69.3 145.2
16   ′′′′ αCE = 5.0 8.3% 63.0 137.5
17   ′′′′ αCE = 10.0 7.2% 61.8 137.5
18 envelope binding energy λCE = 0.5 17.0% 82.0 178.1
19 critical mass ratios for contact/unstable mass transfer qcrit,MS = 0.25 15.5% 72.7 149.6
20   ′′′′ qcrit,MS = 0.8 15.3% 71.9 146.9
21   ′′′′ qcrit,HG = 0.0 15.6% 79.6 170.8
22   ′′′′ qcrit,HG = 0.25 14.4% 75.4 154.2
23   ′′′′ qcrit,HG = 0.8 19.7% 73.6 124.9
24   ′′′′ qcrit,HG = 0.99 22.3% 74.9 138.4
25 stellar wind mass-loss efficiency η = 0.33 15.7% 74.0 157.0
26   ′′′′ η = 3.0 15.7% 71.3 141.7
27 exclusion of WD mergers if companion <Mmin,cc 13.2% 68.9 138.4
28 maximum single star equivalent birth mass for ccSN Mmax,cc = 35 16.9% 72.7 148.7
29   ′′′′ Mmax,cc = 20 20.4% 72.7 148.7
30 minimum metal core for ccSN Mmin,metal = 1.30 14.8% 83.5 165.7
31   ′′′′ Mmin,metal = 1.40 16.2% 62.6 132.7
Initial conditions
32 initial mass function α = −1.6 8.2% 68.5 142.6
33   ′′′′ α = −2.7 20.4% 74.9 153.3
34   ′′′′ α = −3.0 24.3% 76.3 157.9
35 initial mass ratio distribution κ = −1 12.1% 64.9 140.9
36   ′′′′ κ = + 1 18.1% 76.3 151.4
37 initial period distribution π = + 1 11.3% 69.3 146.9
38   ′′′′ π = −1 23.2% 78.2 151.4
39 metallicity Z = 0.0002 12.6% 98.2 199.7
40   ′′′′ Z = 0.001 11.8% 92.5 179.2
41   ′′′′ Z = 0.004 12.9% 83.0 159.8
42   ′′′′ Z = 0.008 14.1% 78.2 152.3
43   ′′′′ Z = 0.02 14.8% 68.5 141.7
44   ′′′′ Z = 0.03 14.7% 64.9 134.3
45 binary fraction fbin = 0.3 7.7% 72.7 148.7
46   ′′′′ fbin = 1.0 20.0% 72.7 148.7
47 mass dependent binary fraction fbin(M1) 12.8% 68.9 138.4
48 normalization parameter Mlow = 1 M⊙ 15.5% 72.7 148.7
49   ′′′′ Mlow = 3 M⊙ 15.5% 72.7 148.7

Notes. We also provide the median delay time of late events, t50%,late, and the delay time before which 90% the late events are found, t90%,late. Standard assumptions are listed in Table 1 and symbols are explained in Sect. 2.

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