Fig. 7

Evolutionary tracks of the produced sdB stars from the star with an initial mass of 1.0 M⊙ and a core mass of 0.446 M⊙. The sdB mass, MsdB, is artificially set to be equal to 0.452, 0.454, ..., 0.472 and 0.474 M⊙ (in steps of 0.002 M⊙). The products crowd at the hottest end of EHB for MsdB = 0.452−0.466 M⊙ (located in the shaded region between the lowest two solid lines), and spread throughout the canonical sdB region when MsdB ≥ 0.468 M⊙ (from bottom to top, MsdB = 0.468,0.470,0.472, and 0.474 M⊙). The red dashed line shows the standard model (MsdB = 0.453 M⊙). SdBs with short orbital periods from Maxted et al. (2001) and Kupfer et al. (2015) are presented in the figure for comparison. The grey lines are the tracks during helium flashes before stable He-core burning.
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