Fig. 1

Spatial distributions of the gas density (left), dust temperature (middle), and stellar FUV radiation field normalized by cosmic ray-induced radiation field (104 photons cm-2 s-1; right) at t = 0.5tacc (top) and 0.9tacc (bottom) in our fiducial model. In the middle panel, contours are drawn at 100 K, 50 K, 30 K, and 20 K. Insets zoom in on the disk. The disk surface is shown with the gray solid line.
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