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Table 2

Optical spectral observations of λ Cep used in the present work.

Dates Telescope Spectrograph Resolution Coverage (Å) Exp. time (min) N S/N

1989 Oct. 1721 Calar Alto, 2.2 m 90 cm f/3 camera 25 000 46004730 710 109a 500
Kitt Peak, 0.9 m camera #5 22 000 46504735 1015 71a 300
2007 Nov. 2022, BOAO, 1.8 m BOES 45 000 38308260 35 30 300
Dec. 16
2012 Oct. 814 Mercator, 1.2 m HERMES 85 000 37709000 3.3 23 150
2013 Oct. 915 Mercator, 1.2 m HERMES 85 000 37709000 3.3 42 150

Notes. The columns list respectively the dates, telescope, name of spectrograph, spectral resolution λ/ Δλ, wavelength coverage in Å, exposure time in min, number of spectra acquired (N), and average signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the unbinned data.

(a)

After rebinning all 180 spectra in the time domain, in total 33 spectra were finally utilized for the analysis, see Sect. 6.2.

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