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Fig. 11

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Relevant length scales for the drafting instability in the minimum mass solar nebula: the friction length (lf), the upper scale for fast growth (λknee), and the scale at which viscosity dominates (λvisc). We consider particles located at a particle scale height above the midplane, with Hp/H = 0.1 and the midplane dust-to-gas ratio is 0.1. We take the toy model parameter to be α = 0.01. Particles are assumed to be 1 cm in radius, or 1 mm in a gas depleted disc with 10 times lower gas surface density (in which case the curves remain the same, but viscous scale λvisc,d is now the red dotted line). The instability likely does not operate in the inner (<5 AU) of the protoplanetary disc, unless particles are large or significant pre-concentration occurs.

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