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Table 1

Model expressions for Hertz factor h, porosity influence φ(p) on solid phase conductivity KC and exchange factor FE for radiative conductivity KR.

Model (ref) h φ(p) FE Remarks

Contact conductivity KC

JKR (Johnson et al. 1971) ... ... Tight contacts, high KC
GB (Gundlach & Blum 2013) f1exp(f2(1−p))χ ... Tight contacts, χ = 0.41
G (Gusarov et al. 2003) ... (1−p)nC(p) /π ... nC(p) = 4–12, random porous
W (Watson 1964) 1 ... Loose contacts, low KC

Radiative conductivity KR

BB (Breitbach & Barthels 1980) ... ... Eq. (2) Packed beds
GB (Gundlach & Blum 2012) ... ... ϵe1p/ (1−p) Random porous, e1 = 1.34

Notes. See text for details. The expression for h is given here under the approximation of low gravity.

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