Fig. 1

Schematic view of our scenario and the layered ice structure. Stage I) The main formation stage of H2O ice. Water deuteration is not efficient, fD2< fD1 < 10-3. The majority of oxygen is locked in O-bearing molecules in this stage. Stage II) CO/CH3OH-rich outer ice layers are formed, while the formation of water ice continues with much reduced efficiency, compared to Stage I. Nevertheless, the formation of HDO and D2O ices is more efficient than in Stage I, owing to the enhanced deuteration processes, 10-3 ≪ fD2<fD1.
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