Table 3
Modified format of the data of individual sunspots observed by Samuel Heinrich Schwabe.
| Field | Column | Format | Explanation |
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|
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| YYYY | 1−4 | I4 | Year |
| MM | 6−7 | I2 | Month |
| DD | 9−10 | I2 | Day referring to the German civil calendar running from midnight to midnight |
| HH | 12−13 | I2 | Hour, times are mean local time in Dessau, Germany |
| MI | 15−16 | I2 | Minute, typically accurate to 15 minutes |
| T | 18 | I1 | Indicates how accurate the time is. Timeflag = 0 means the time has been inferred by the measurer (in most cases to be 12h local time); Timeflag = 1 means the time is as given by the observer |
| L0 | 20−24 | F5.1 | Heliographic longitude of apparent disk centre seen from Dessau |
| B0 | 26−30 | F5.1 | Heliographic latitude of apparent disk centre seen from Dessau |
| CMD | 32−36 | F5.1 | Central meridian distance, difference in longitude from disk centre; contains −.- if line indicates spotless day; contains NaN if position of spot could not be measured. |
| LLL.L | 38−42 | F5.1 | Heliographic longitude in the Carrington rotation frame; contains −.- if line indicates spotless day; contains NaN if position of spot could not be measured. |
| BBB.B | 44−48 | F5.1 | Heliographic latitude, southern latitudes are negative; contains −.- if line indicates spotless day; contains NaN if position of spot could not be measured. |
| M | 50 | C1 | Method of determining the orientation. “C”: horizontal pencil line parallel to celestial equator; “H”: book aligned with azimuth-elevation; ‘Q’: rotational matching with other drawings (spot used for the matching have ModelLong ≠ ‘−.−′, ModelLat ≠ ‘−.−′, and Sigma ≠ ‘−.−′). |
| Q | 52 | I1 | Subjective quality, all observations with coordinate system drawn by Schwabe get Quality = 1. Positions derived from rotational matching may also obtain Quality = 2 or 3, if the probability distributions fixing the position angle of the drawing were not very sharp, or broad and asymmetric, respectively. Spotless days have Quality = 0; spots for which no position could be derived, but have sizes, get Quality = 4. |
| SS | 54−55 | I2 | Size estimate in 12 classes running from 1 to 12; a spotless day is indicated with 0 |
| GROUP | 57−64 | C8 | Group designation based on Schwabe, but modified by our regrouping |
| MEASURER | 66−75 | C10 | Last name of person who obtained position |
| MOD_L | 77−81 | F5.1 | Model longitude from rotational matching (only spots used for matching have this) |
| MOD_B | 83−87 | F5.1 | Model latitude from rotational matching (only spots used for matching have this) |
| SIGMA | 89−93 | F5.3 | Total residual of model positions compared with measurements of reference spots in rotational matching (only spots used for the matching have this). Holds for entire day. |
| DELTA | 95−98 | F4.1 | Heliocentric angle between the spot and the apparent disk centre in degrees (disk-centre distance); it is −. − for spotless days, while it is NaN if the spot position could not be determined. |
| UMB | 100−103 | I4 | Inferred umbral area in millionths of the solar hemisphere (MSH); it is 0 for spotless days and NaN if spot position could not be derived or DELTA> 85° |
| A | 105 | C1 | Flag saying whether area mapping is based on umbral (“U”) or penumbral (“!”) areas with the latter being less certain. The actual area given in UMB is always umbral. Spotless days have −. |
Notes. The format extends that by Arlt et al. (2013) after Col. 93. In the Format column, I denotes integer fields, C8 is an 8-character text field, and, e.g. F5.1 denotes a 5-character-wide floating point field with one decimal. Areas in UMB are based on the derivation by (2).
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