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Table 2

Materials used for modelling.

Name Composition Density Blowout size [μm]
[ g cm-3 ] SW50 SW300

M1 sil33+car33+vac33 1.78 0.07 0.48
M2 sil50+car50 2.68 0.04 0.35
M3 sil25+car25+ice25+vac25 1.64 0.07 0.51
M4 sil10+car10+ice40+vac40 1.02 0.11 0.71
M5 sil15+car15+vac70 0.80 0.16 0.93

Notes. Numbers after material names denote their volume fraction in percent, e.g. sil25+car25+ice25+vac25 = 25% silicates + 25% carbon + 25% ice + 25% vacuum. The bulk densities of the composites are given by ρmix = ∑ ρiσi, where σi denotes the volume fraction of the species, and ρi their densities (ρsil = 3.5 g cm-3, ρcar = 1.85 g cm-3, ρice = 1.2 g cm-3). Blowout sizes are grain radii for which β equals 0.5 (see text).

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