Top row: real spectra of local universe BLAGNs red-shifted to z = 0.395 (blue solid line) and instances of the simulated pseudo-spectra (red dots and black continuum line). The dashed horizontal line denotes the median value of the pseudo-spectra. See text for details. Middle and bottom rows: actual pseudo-spectra classified as BLAGN. The red and green vertical dash-dotted lines mark the positions of the Hα and [N ii] lines, respectively. The red solid line corresponds to the best fit to a Gaussian profile.