Fig. 4
Torque acting on discs with Ṁ = 3.5 × 10-8 M⊙/yr. The black lines encircle the regions of outward migration. The vertical red lines indicate the ice line at 170 K. The region of outward migration is exactly correlated to the region in the disc, where the temperature gradient is the steepest and can trap planets between 5 and 30 Earth masses.
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