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Fig. 1

image

Solid line: evolutionary tracks of pulsars in LMXBs with a relatively low accretion rate during phase IV, = 10-11 M yr-1, a wind accretion rate during phase III of = 10-15 M yr-1, and an initial magnetic field of 3 × 1013 G. The end of phase I is marked with a diamond. The main-sequence phase ends at point (F) after 4.5 × 109 years and marks (A) to (C) represent intervals of 10 Myr after the end of the main sequence. The total duration of the fast accretion phase is 4.62 × 107 years. Dashed line: same as dotted line but for an initial magnetic field of 6 × 1012 G and a wind accretion rate of = 10-14 M yr-1. Dot-dashed line: same as solid line but with a wind accretion rate of = 10-10 M yr-1. The vertical line (in orange) is the observational constraint on the magnetic field and period.

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