Mass-loss rate plotted versus the wind velocity for all models with outflows. In the upper panel the triangles mark models with steady winds while the crosses denote models with episodic winds. The other symbols with different colours show values based on observations of various C-rich giants, adopted from different sources as given by the legend. The lower panel shows the values for the models which have winds for both f_L = 1 and f_L = 2. The latter are plotted as open circles and models with identical parameters except f_L are connected. The different colours denote various carbon excesses.