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Fig. 1

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Dynamical stability of the RZ Dra system as a function of the semi-major axis, a, and eccentricity, e of RZ Dra (AB) D, for the solution presented in Yang et al. (2010). The nominal best-fit orbit for RZ Dra (AB) D presented in that work is located in the center of the red box, at a = 23.88 AU and e = 0.287. The 1σ uncertainties on the semi-major axis and eccentricity are shown by the red crosshairs radiating from the box. The lifetime at each of the 1681 ae locations plotted in this figure (41 unique a and e values spanning ± 3σ from the nominal best-fit orbit) is the result of 75 distinct simulations, spanning 5 unique values of mean anomaly, M, and 15 unique values of the argument of periastron, ω. The mean lifetime can be seen to vary between 100 and 1600 years, demonstrating that the system as proposed in Yang et al. (2010) exhibits extreme dynamical instability. (Color version online.)

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