Evolution of Kepler-412b’s radius as a function of age. The 68.3%, 95.5% and 99.7% confidence regions are denoted by black, dark gray, and light gray areas respectively. The curves represent the thermal evolution of a 0.939 M_Jup planet with an equilibrium temperature of 1851 K. Text labels indicate the amount of heavy elements in the planet (its core mass in Earth masses). Dashed lines represent planetary evolution models for which 0.25% of the incoming stellar flux (about 1.789 × 10²⁷   erg/s) is dissipated into the core of the planet, whereas full lines do not account for this dissipation (standard models).