Table 1
Observational and derived line parameters.
| N2H+ (3–2) | N2D+ (2–1) | |||||||||||||
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| Source |
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VLSR | FWHM | τ | Tex† |
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VLSR | FWHM | N(N2H+) | N(N2D+) | Dfrac | Tk†† | ||
| (K km s-1) | (km s-1) | (km s-1) | (K) | (K km s-1) | (km s-1) | (km s-1) | (× 1013 cm-2) | (× 1012 cm-2) | (K) | |||||
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| HMSCs | I00117-MM2 | 2.9(0.1) | –35.51(0.01) | 2.27(0.04) | <0.1 | 7a | 0.48(0.02) | –35(1) | 1.65(0.7) | 3.1(0.3) | 10(1) | 0.32(0.06) | 14h | |
| AFGL5142-EC | 20.7(0.1) | –2.21(0.01) | 3.42(0.01) | 0.51(0.01) | 44.1(0.1)b | 0.48(0.03) | –2.73(0.04) | 1.35(0.1) | 4.8(0.5) | 3.8(0.6) | 0.08(0.01) | 25h | ||
| 05358-mm3 | 43.0(0.1) | –15.34(0.01) | 2.200(0.003) | 5(2) | 34(4)b | 0.16(0.02) | –15.5(0.2) | 2.9(0.4) | 9.3(0.9) | 1.1(0.3) | 0.012(0.003) | 30h | ||
| G034-G2(MM2) | 2.0(0.1) | 42.2(0.02) | 1.950(0.003) | 1.51(0.01) | 7.57(0.03)b | 0.76(0.03) | 41.80(0.08) | 1.6(0.3) | 1.7(0.2) | 13(2) | 0.7(0.2) | − − | ||
| G034-F2(MM7) | 1.65(0.05) | 58.3(0.1) | 2.84(0.3) | <0.1 | 16c | 0.25(0.03) | 57.7(0.2) | 1.4(0.9) | 0.42(0.04) | 1.8(0.3) | 0.43(0.09) | − | ||
| G034-F1(MM8) | 1.08(0.08) | 58.1(0.2) | 2.5(0.5) | – | 16c | 0.17(0.03) | 57(4) | 2.0(1.5) | 0.28(0.03) | 1.2(0.3) | 0.4(0.1) | − | ||
| G028-C1(MM9) | 2.4(0.1) | 80.32(0.03) | 2.4(0.2) | 3(1) | 6.4(0.4)b | 0.50(0.03) | 80.10(0.08) | 2.6(0.3) | 3.4(0.3) | 13(2) | 0.38(0.07) | 17i | ||
| I20293-WC | 9.4(0.1) | 7.490(0.008) | 3.560(0.003) | <0.1 | 8.5a | 0.82(0.03) | 7.3(0.3) | 1.0(0.9) | 5.9(0.6) | 11(2) | 0.19(0.3) | 17h | ||
| I22134-G | 6.9(0.1) | –18.20(0.01) | 1.01(0.02) | 3.3(0.2) | 15.9(0.3)b | 0.06(0.01) | –19.7(0.2) | 0.8(0.5) | 1.8(0.2) | 0.4(0.2) | 0.023(0.009) | 25h | ||
| I22134-B | 2.4(0.1) | –18.3(0.04) | 0.83(0.03) | 2.3(0.3) | 10.4(0.4)b | 0.09(0.02) | –18.8(0.06) | 0.5(0.4) | 1.0(0.1) | 0.9(0.2) | 0.09(0.02) | 17h | ||
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| HMPOs | I00117-MM1 | 5.5(0.1) | –35.89(0.01) | 1.50(0.04) | 2.4(0.3) | 19.3(0.4)b | ≤0.07 | – | – | 1.26(0.1) | ≤0.5 | ≤0.04 | 20h | |
| I04579-VLA1††† | 1.23(0.02) | –17.51(0.06) | 1.8(0.2) | <0.1 | 74d | – | ≤0.14 | − | 0.4(0.05) | ≤1.5 | ≤0.4 | 74j | ||
| AFGL5142-MM | 27.2(0.1) | –2.470(0.004) | 2.820(0.006) | 3.4(0.1) | 39.24(0.01)b | 0.40(0.02) | –2.7(0.1) | 2.3(0.3) | 6.1(0.6) | 3.0(0.5) | 0.049(0.009) | 34h | ||
| 05358-mm1 | 30.3(0.1) | –15.588(0.003) | 2.040(0.003) | 5(1) | 46(2)b | 0.15(0.02) | –15.7(0.3) | 2.5(0.6) | 7.2(0.7) | 1.2(0.2) | 0.017(0.004) | 39h | ||
| 18089–1732 | 31.4(0.2) | 32.40(0.004) | 4.960(0.001) | <0.1 | 38d | 0.29(0.03) | 33.3(0.6) | 3(1) | 7.0(0.7) | 2.2(0.3) | 0.031(0.006) | 38k | ||
| 18517+0437 | 19.2(0.1) | 44.44(0.03) | 3.08(0.01) | <0.1 | 47e | 0.15(0.02) | 44.2(0.5) | 3(1) | 4.6(0.5) | 1.2(0.2) | 0.026(0.006) | − | ||
| G75-core | 6.5(0.1) | 0.01(0.02) | 3.99(0.04) | <0.1 | 96d | ≤ 0.05 | – | − | 2.4(0.2) | ≤0.69 | ≤0.029 | 96h | ||
| I20293-MM1 | 29.6(0.1) | 6.69(0.02) | 1.610(0.002) | 6.4(0.1) | 50.1(0.1)b | 0.64(0.03) | 5.69(0.08) | 1.8(0.3) | 7.3(0.7) | 5.4(0.8) | 0.07(0.01) | 37h | ||
| I21307 | 6.5(0.1) | –46.29(0.02) | 2.98(0.05) | <0.1 | 21d | ≤ 0.06 | – | − | 1.5(0.1) | ≤0.4 | ≤0.03 | 21j | ||
| I23385 | 9.41(0.08) | –49.88(0.01) | 3.02(0.03) | <0.1 | 37d | 0.08(0.05) | –48(3) | 1.2(0.9) | 2.1(0.2) | 0.6(0.1) | 0.028(0.009) | 37l | ||
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| UC HII | G5.89–0.39 | 84.1(0.3) | 9.180(0.003) | 5.900(0.009) | <0.1 | 20 f | 0.50(0.03) | 7.6(0.1) | 1.5(0.3) | 19(2) | 3.4(0.5) | 0.018(0.003) | − | |
| I19035-VLA1 | 13.7(0.2) | 32.62(0.01) | 4.49(0.03) | <0.1 | 19.0(0.2)g | 0.18(0.03) | 32.5(0.1) | 1.4(0.3) | 3.2(0.3) | 1.3(0.3) | 0.04(0.01) | 39h | ||
| 19410+2336 | 33.3(0.1) | 22.90(0.005) | 3.550(0.001) | <0.1 | 21d | 0.52(0.05) | 22.5(0.08) | 1.5(0.3) | 7.4(0.7) | 3.5(0.5) | 0.047(0.009) | 21k | ||
| ON1 | 30.9(0.2) | 12.579(0.001) | 4.340(0.001) | <0.1 | 26d | 0.17(0.05) | 11.7(0.9) | 3.13(1.65) | 6.6(0.7) | 1.1(0.2) | 0.017(0.004) | 26m | ||
| I22134-VLA1 | 2.5(0.08) | –18.11(0.01) | 1.30(0.06) | 1.9(0.4) | 10.6(0.5)b | 0.08(0.01) | –19.2(0.4) | 0.7(1.0) | 1.0(0.1) | 0.8(0.2) | 0.08(0.02) | 47h | ||
| 23033+5951 | 19.6(0.1) | –52.72(0.03) | 3.530(0.002) | <0.1 | 25d | 0.52(0.02) | –53.2(0.5) | 0.8(0.5) | 4.4(0.4) | 3.5(0.5) | 0.08(0.02) | 25k | ||
| NGC7538-IRS9 | 13.9(0.1) | –56.814(0.006) | 3.42(0.03) | <0.1 | 20f | 0.14(0.02) | –57(2) | 2.6(0.5) | 3.2(0.3) | 0.9(0.2) | 0.030(0.008) | − | ||
Notes. Columns 2–6 list integrated intensity over all the hyperfine components (), peak velocity (VLSR), full width at half maximum (FWHM) corrected for hyperfine splitting, opacity (τ) and excitation temperature (Tex), from N2H+ (3–2); Cols. 7–9 list , VLSR and FWHM for the N2D+ (2–1) lines. In Cols. 10 and 11 we give the N2H+ and N2D+ column densities, respectively, and their ratio (Dfrac) is given in Col. 12. Column 13 shows the kinetic temperature (Tk) measured from ammonia observations. Uncertainties are given in parentheses.
Tex associated with uncertainties are calculated from the data, the others are assumed as explained in the footnotes;
Tk are derived from ammonia rotation temperatures following Tafalla et al. (2004);
Tex ~ 1/2 Tk, based on the results derived in this work for the HMSCs with well constrained Tex and Tk, except the “warm” ones;
derived from the (3–2) line parameters obtained from the hyperfine fitting procedure and corrected for filling factor (see also the CLASS User Manual (http://iram.fr/IRAMFR/GILDAS/doc/html/class-html/class.html));
Tex~ Tk, based on the results derived in this work for the HMPOs with well constrained Tex and Tk, and on the findings of Fontani et al. (2006) towards a sample of massive cores containing both HMPOs and UC HII regions;
from Effelsberg observations (Sridharan et al. 2002);
N2H+ parameters are derived from the (1–0) line, for which is the integrated intensity of the isolated component (F1F = 1,0–1, 1) appropriately normalised and assumed to be optically thin. However, because observations were obtained under very bad weather conditions, the Dfrac upper limit derived from this source is unreliable and we decided to exclude it in the following analysis.
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