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Table 1

Summary description of the HMI data employed in this study and the sections in which their analysis is detailed.

Index Description UTC time of observation Denotation Section(s)

1 854 × 854 pixel crop, centred on the Venusian disc, of 249 continuum (− 344mÅ from line centre) filtergrams recorded on the side CCD during the transit of Venus, between second and third contact. Between 22:30, June 5 and 04:14, June 6, 2012. 2.1
2 The mean of 42 of the 249 images in item 1, between which the spatial distribution of intensity on the Venusian disc is relatively similar. Between  02:04  and  02:46, June 5, 2012. Mean transit image 2.1, 2.2, 2.4
3 One of the 42 images used to produce item 2. 02:25:37, June 6, 2012. Test transit image 2.3, 2.4
4 854 × 854 pixel crop, centred on the Venusian disc, of a continuum side CCD filtergram recorded just before second contact. 22:25:33, June 5, 2012. Ingress image 2.4
5 Continuum side CCD filtergram taken right after the Venusian disc exited the solar disc completely. 04:35:59, June 6, 2012. Test continuum filtergram 3.1, 4.1
6 45 s longitudinal magnetogram from the front CCD closest in time (<1 min) to item 5. 04:35:22, June 6, 2012. 3.1, 4.1
7 A set of simultaneous 720 s Dopplergram, longitudinal magnetogram, line depth and continuum intensity images from the side CCD, recorded about an hour after the end of the transit of Venus, when said CCD resumed collection of the regular filtergram sequence. 05:35:32, June 6, 2012. 3.2, 4.1
8 A pair of filtergrams, one from each CCD, of similar bandpass (− 172mÅ from line centre) and polarization (Stokes I − V), taken less than one minute apart of one another. Around 05:36, June 6, 2012. 4.2
9 The continuum filtergram recorded on each CCD whenever the SDO spacecraft passes orbital noon and midnight. A total of 1866 filtergrams from each CCD, from when the HMI commenced regular operation to the time of the study. Around 06:00 and 18:00 daily, between May 1, 2010 and June 30, 2013. 4.2

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