Herschel and IRAM-30 m observations of comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) at 4.5 AU from the Sun

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Table 1

C/2012 S1 (ISON) H₂O and CO observations.

Line		ν	Date (UT)	r_h^a	Δ^b	φ^c	Integ.	Line area^d	Production rate (mol. s^-1)
		(GHz)	yyyy/mm/dd.dd	(AU)	(AU)	(°)	time (min)	(mK km s^-1)	T_kin = 8 K	T_kin = 20 K

H₂O	1₁₀–1₀₁	556.936	2013/03/08.13	4.54	4.07	11.8	177	<5.4^e	<4.8 × 10²⁶^f	<3.5 × 10²⁶^f
CO	2–1	230.538	2013/03/15.70	4.45	4.10	12.5	21	40 ± 18	4.5 ± 2.0 × 10²⁷	3.8 ± 1.7 × 10²⁷
CO	2–1	230.538	2013/04/06.66–08.67	4.18	4.22	13.7	47	32 ± 13	3.5 ± 1.4 × 10²⁷	2.9 ± 1.2 × 10²⁷
CO	2–1	230.538	2013/03/15.7–04/08.7	4.27	4.19	13.0	68	38 ± 12	4.2 ± 1.3 × 10²⁷	3.5 ± 1.1 × 10²⁷

Notes.

^(a)

r_h is the comet’s heliocentric distance at the time of observation.

^(b)

Δ is the distance from target to the observer.

^(c)

Phase Angle.

^(d)

Line area in the main beam brightness temperature scale computed in a (− 0.6,+ 0.6) km s^-1 window.

^(e)

From the HRS spectrum, the upper limit from the WBS spectrum is 4.2 mK km s^-1.

^(f)

The values provided for the gas production rates are 3σ upper limits.

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