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Fig. 8

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Correction factor FN II (= ) as it follows from various radiation-hydrodynamic model sequences, plotted over stellar absolute magnitude, MV. Evolution is always from left to right. The abscissa is broken at MV = 5, and the faint part is expanded to provide more clarity. As compared to Fig. 5, three additional sequences were included. The dots along the velocity sequences correspond to time steps of 103 years each and are meant only to illustrate the pace of evolution, not absolute post-AGB ages. The 0.595 M sequence with α = 3 reaches very early a maximum FN II(= out/V[N ii]) of 7.5. The inset illustrates the time evolution of FN II during the nebular recombination phase (0.625 and 0.696 M only) when FN II becomes smaller than unity and even negative for a very brief time span. Note that for the earliest evolutionary stages, MV ≤ −1, our predictions can be uncertain because of the extremely small sizes of the model nebulae.

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