Swift heavy ion irradiation of water ice from MeV to GeV energies - Approaching true cosmic ray compaction

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Table 1

Summary of experiments.

Ion	E _In ^a	E _Out	Se _In ^b	ΔSe^b	Sn/Se_In^c	Ice film	Projected	σ ^f	Reference
						thickness^d	range^e		/measurement
	(MeV)	(MeV)	(eV/Å)	(%)	(×10^-3)	(μm)	(μm)	(10⁴ Å²)	date

H⁺	0.2	0.183	6.05	–5.5	1.29	0.25	3	0.0413 ± 0.02	Palumbo (2006)
H⁺	0.8	0.727	2.57	–6.6	0.93	2.56	20	0.0440	Moore^g
He⁺	0.2	0.153	14.5	13.1	6.96	0.34	2.2	0.0785	Strazzulla^h
Fe²⁵⁺	3640	3639	62.85	–0.02	0.42	1.5	3.4 × 10³	1.6 ± 0.8	This work/29-08-2011
Ne⁶⁺	19.6	17.7	143.1	–2.6	1.24	1.35	16.1	5.3 ± 1.2	This work/08-06-2012
Zn²⁶⁺	606	604	305.3	0.2	0.64	0.64	160	8.0 ± 1.4	This work/25-11-2010
Ni¹³⁺	45.8	40.4	464.7	0.6	3.10	1.1	19.3	16 ± 6	This work/03-07-2008
Ta²⁴⁺	81	71	793.5	6.1	15.9	1.4	20.3	18.4 ± 4.1	This work/22-09-2011
Xe²⁴⁺	91.5	82	804.2	2.8	6.55	1.1	21.2	32 ± 15	This work/29-08-2008

Notes.

^(a)

In: ion energy impinging the ice film, Out: energy calculated after crossing the ice film;

^(b)

Se_In is the electronic stopping power at the ice film entrance and ΔSe = 100 × (Se_In – Se_Out)/Se_In the difference with the ice film exit electronic stopping power, respectively. The values are based on SRIM/TRIM calculations for pure ice. The absolute scale errors are dominated by the uncertainty for the density considered for the amorphous ice (0.94 g/cm³) and the intrinsic uncertainties of the cross sections in SRIM/TRIM.

^(c)

Sn refers to the nuclear stopping power.

^(d)

approximate thickness assuming an integrated absorption cross section of 2 × 10^-16 cm/molecule for the ice stretching mode.

^(e)

calculated for a hypothetical semi-infinite ice target.

^(f)

OH-db destruction (porosity loss) cross section.

^(g)

800 keV H⁺ data provided by Marla Moore from NASA GSFC in Greenbelt, MD (see also Moore & Hudson 2000).

^(h)

200 keV He⁺, data provided from the Catania group by G. Strazzulla (see also Gomis et al. 2004).

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